What is Blood Pressure?
Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of your blood vessels as the heart pumps. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and expressed as two numbers.
The Two Measurements
Systolic pressure (top number): This is the pressure when your heart contracts and pumps blood out. A normal value is below 120 mmHg.
Diastolic pressure (bottom number): This is the pressure when your heart rests between beats. A normal value is below 80 mmHg.
Normal Blood Pressure Values
| Category | Systolic | Diastolic | |----------|----------|-----------| | Normal | < 120 | < 80 | | Elevated | 120-129 | < 80 | | Hypertension Stage 1 | 130-139 | 80-89 | | Hypertension Stage 2 | ≥ 140 | ≥ 90 |
Risk Factors for High Blood Pressure
- Age: Risk increases as you get older
- Family history: Genetic predisposition plays a role
- Overweight: Extra weight increases the heart's workload
- Salt intake: Too much sodium raises blood pressure
- Lack of exercise: A sedentary lifestyle is harmful
- Stress: Chronic stress can contribute to elevated blood pressure
Symptoms of High Blood Pressure
High blood pressure is often called the "silent killer" because there are usually no obvious symptoms. However, in severe cases, the following symptoms may occur:
- Headaches
- Shortness of breath
- Nosebleeds
- Dizziness
- Chest pain
Treatment and Prevention
Lifestyle Changes
- Reduce salt intake to less than 6 grams per day
- Eat more vegetables, fruits, and whole grains
- Exercise at least 150 minutes per week
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Limit alcohol consumption
- Quit smoking
Medication
If lifestyle changes are insufficient, your doctor may prescribe medication:
- ACE inhibitors: Relax blood vessels
- Beta-blockers: Slow the heart rate
- Diuretics: Help remove excess fluid
- Calcium channel blockers: Relax blood vessel walls
When to See a Doctor?
Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:
- Sudden, severe headache
- Chest pain
- Difficulty breathing
- Sudden weakness or numbness
Note: This article is for informational purposes and does not replace medical advice. Always consult a doctor for personal guidance.
